Biographical Index

St. Augustine of Hippo

Theologian & Philosopher

354–430 CE

Adelard of Bath

Natural Philosopher

c. 1080–c. 1152

Thomas Aquinas

Theologian & Philosopher

1225–1274

William Shakespeare

Playwright & Poet

1564–1616

Duccio di Buoninsegna

Painter

c. 1255–c. 1319

Simone Martini

Painter

c. 1284–1344

Giotto di Bondone

Painter

c. 1267–1337

Pérotin

Composer

c. 1160–c. 1230

Gislebertus

Sculptor

fl. c. 1120–1135

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

Humanist Philosopher

1463–1494

Nicolaus Copernicus

Astronomer & Mathematician

1473–1543

Galileo Galilei

Physicist & Astronomer

1564–1642

René Descartes

Philosopher & Mathematician

1596–1650

Martin Luther

Theologian & Reformer

1483–1546

Filippo Brunelleschi

Architect & Engineer

1377–1446

Masaccio

Painter

1401–1428

Leonardo da Vinci

Painter, Engineer & Anatomist

1452–1519

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Sculptor, Painter & Architect

1475–1564

Raphael

Painter & Architect

1483–1520

Hans Holbein the Younger

Painter

c. 1497–1543

Giorgio Vasari

Painter, Architect & Art Historian

1511–1574

Josquin des Prez

Composer

c. 1450–1521

Thomas Tallis

Composer

c. 1505–1585

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Composer

c. 1525–1594

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Sculptor & Goldsmith

1378–1455

Luca della Robbia

Sculptor

c. 1399–1482

Donatello (Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi)

Sculptor

c. 1386–1466

Thomas Hobbes

Political Philosopher

1588–1679

Blaise Pascal

Mathematician, Physicist & Theologian

1623–1662

John Milton

Poet & Political Pamphleteer

1608–1674

Isaac Newton

Physicist & Mathematician

1643–1727

Margaret Cavendish

Writer, Philosopher & Scientist

1623–1673

Aemilia Lanyer

Poet

1569–1645

Diego Velázquez

Painter

1599–1660

Antonio Vivaldi

Composer & Violinist

1678–1741

Caravaggio

Painter

1571–1610

Rembrandt van Rijn

Painter & Printmaker

1606–1669

Johann Sebastian Bach

Composer

1685–1750

George Frideric Handel

Composer

1685–1759

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Sculptor and architect

1598–1680

Pierre Puget

Sculptor

1620–1694

John Locke

Political Philosopher

1632–1704

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Philosopher & Writer

1712–1778

Immanuel Kant

Philosopher

1724–1804

Adam Smith

Moral Philosopher & Economist

1723–1790

Alexander Pope

Poet & Critic

1688–1744

Mary Wollstonecraft

Philosopher & Writer

1759–1797

Jane Austen

Novelist

1775–1817

Jean-Antoine Watteau

Painter

1684–1721

Jean-Honoré Fragonard

Painter

1732–1806

François Boucher

Painter

1703–1770

Joseph Haydn

Composer

1732–1809

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Composer

1756–1791

Jean-Antoine Houdon

Sculptor

1741–1828

Antonio Canova

Sculptor

1757–1822

Johann Joachim Winckelmann

Art historian and archaeologist

1717–1768

Percy Bysshe Shelley

Poet & Essayist

1792–1822

William Wordsworth

Poet

1770–1850

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Essayist & Philosopher

1803–1882

Karl Marx

Philosopher & Political Economist

1818–1883

Friedrich Schiller

Playwright, Poet & Philosopher

1759–1805

Herman Melville

Novelist & Short Story Writer

1819–1891

Caspar David Friedrich

Painter

1774–1840

Eugène Delacroix

Painter

1798–1863

Théodore Géricault

Painter

1791–1824

Claude Debussy

Composer

1862–1918

J.M.W. Turner

Painter

1775–1851

Ludwig van Beethoven

Composer

1770–1827

Richard Wagner

Composer

1813–1883

Auguste Rodin

Sculptor

1840–1917

François Rude

Sculptor

1784–1855

Friedrich Nietzsche

Philosopher

1844–1900

Sigmund Freud

Neurologist & Founder of Psychoanalysis

1856–1939

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Philosopher

1889–1951

Albert Einstein

Theoretical Physicist

1879–1955

W.E.B. Du Bois

Sociologist, Historian & Civil Rights Leader

1868–1963

Booker T. Washington

Educator & Political Leader

1856–1915

Ralph Ellison

Novelist & Essayist

1913–1994

Édouard Manet

Painter

1832–1883

Henri Matisse

Painter & Sculptor

1869–1954

Wassily Kandinsky

Painter & Art Theorist

1866–1944

Pablo Picasso

Painter & Sculptor

1881–1973

Igor Stravinsky

Composer

1882–1971

Arnold Schoenberg

Composer

1874–1951

Duke Ellington

Composer, Bandleader & Pianist

1899–1974

Constantin Brancusi

Sculptor

1876–1957

Alberto Giacometti

Sculptor and painter

1901–1966

David Smith

Sculptor

1906–1965

Marcel Duchamp

Artist (Dadaist, conceptual)

1887–1968